Technology
Algorithms, access, and automation. How digital infrastructure and automated decision systems distribute opportunity and encode existing discrimination.
Claims in this domain
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Individual
Structural
AI hiring tools discriminate against protected-class applicants
The mechanism is demonstrated and the anecdotal record is strong — Amazon scrapped an internal resume screener that penalized the word 'women's,' the EEOC's first AI hiring …
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76
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Automated public-benefits systems disproportionately wrongly deny marginalized applicants
The case-study record is damning and well-documented: Michigan's automated fraud system falsely accused tens of thousands of unemployment claimants with a reported error rate above …
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72
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Automation displacement disproportionately affects low-wage and minority workers
The econometric evidence is strong: robot adoption measurably reduced employment and wages in exposed local labor markets, task-displacement analysis attributes 50-70% of the …
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Broadband and 5G infrastructure investment lags in low-income and minority communities
Deployment mapping studies consistently find fiber and network upgrades concentrated in higher-income areas within the same cities: analyses of AT&T's footprint found fiber …
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74
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Facial recognition misidentifies people with darker skin at higher rates
This is one of the best-documented findings in algorithmic fairness research. Buolamwini & Gebru's Gender Shades audit found commercial gender-classification error rates up to …
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70
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Gig platform algorithms opaquely and unequally set pay and allocate work
The opacity half of the claim is thoroughly documented: platforms control pay formulas, change them unilaterally, withhold fare and destination information, and use behavioral …
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Healthcare risk-prediction algorithms underestimate Black patients' care needs
Obermeyer and colleagues' analysis of a commercial algorithm applied to tens of millions of patients found that at the same algorithmic risk score, Black patients had substantially …
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78
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Predictive policing algorithms reinforce existing racial disparities
The feedback-loop mechanism is formally demonstrated and the input-data problem is thoroughly documented: arrest and incident data measure enforcement activity, not underlying …
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78
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Surveillance technology is disproportionately deployed in low-income and minority neighborhoods
The deployment geography is documented across technologies: crowdsourced mapping of NYPD camera coverage found higher camera density in majority-Black and Hispanic neighborhoods, …
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Individual
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Algorithmic bias in hiring and lending perpetuates discrimination
Bias in algorithms is documented; whether it perpetuates discrimination is contested. Algorithms may amplify or reduce discrimination depending on training data and design. …
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Broadband access gap drives educational and economic inequality
Broadband access correlates with educational outcomes; causation requires isolation from confounding factors. Some quasi-experimental evidence (infrastructure expansion) shows …
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