Civics Specimens
Local Government
Local structure varies by state and even by town — the same title can mean different powers ten miles away. These specimens make that variation the lesson: what your mayor can and can't do, whether your city may act at all, who is really responsible, and the local mechanics most often misread.
Specimen No. 1
Forms of Government: Who Actually Runs the City
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Specimen No. 2
Dillon's Rule vs. Home Rule
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Specimen No. 3
Overlapping Jurisdictions: Who Is Responsible
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Specimen No. 4
Elected vs. Appointed Offices
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Specimen No. 5
Special Districts: The Hidden Layer
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Specimen No. 6
Open-Meetings Laws & the Walking Quorum
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Specimen No. 7
Property Tax: Rate vs. Levy vs. Reassessment
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Specimen No. 8
Zoning: Variance vs. Rezoning vs. As-of-Right
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Specimen No. 9
Public Notice: 'Public' but Unseen
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Specimen No. 10
Bond & Referendum vs. Council Appropriation
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Specimen No. 11
Quorum & What a Majority Means
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Specimen No. 12
Conflict of Interest & Recusal
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